Quantum technologySuperfluid helium: a cooling source for quantum computer dilution chillersIsotope separation: a study of topological quantum computing 2. Nuclear fusionUltra-pure tritium/deuterium mixture: fuel for tokamak devices

Hydrogen energy industryHelium leak detection: Fuel cell stack tightness testingLiquid hydrogen precooling: liquid nitrogen is used as the cooling medium before hydrogen liquefaction Space propulsionXenon ion thrusters: Satellite orbit adjustmentRocket fuel system: Liquid oxygen/liquid nitrogen comb

Medical imagingMedical xenon: MRI hyperpolarized contrast agent. 2. Pharmaceutical processSterile grade nitrogen: bioreactor protection gas.Cryogenic freezing: Liquid nitrogen for cell therapy.

Wafer manufacturingUltra-pure argon: monocrystalline silicon growth protection gas Package and testHigh purity helium: chip package heat dissipation